network

netcat : NC(1) BSD General Commands Manual NC(1) nc — arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens
ping : 6 send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
nmcli : – commandline tool for controlling NetworkManager
telnet : user interface to the TELNET protocol
openssl : OpenSSL command line tool
sftp : secure file transfer program
...

shell

gnome-terminal : is a terminal emulation application.
busybox : The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux
usermod : modify a user account
which : locate a command
fusermount : mount and unmount FUSE filesystems
watch : execute a program periodically, showing output fullscreen
...

filesystem

resize2fs : ext2/ext3/ext4 file system resizer
fsck : check and repair a Linux filesystem
chown : change file owner and group
passwd : change user password
hdparm : get/set SATA/IDE device parameters
mkfs.ext3 : create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
...

programming

strace : trace system calls and signals
startpar : start runlevel scripts in parallel
MAKEDEV : create devices
busybox : The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux
kmk_sed : framework for writing simple makefiles for complex tasks
setkeycodes : load kernel scancode-to-keycode mapping table entries
...

file

passwd : change user password
su : change user ID or become superuser
mkfs.ext2 : create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
egrep : , fgrep, rgrep print lines matching a pattern
hexdump : , hd ASCII, decimal, hexadecimal, octal dump
loadunimap : load the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table
...

graphic manipulation

start-stop-daemon : start and stop system daemon programs
gimp : an image manipulation and paint program.
transfig : creates a makefile for portable LaTeX figures
pbmtomda : convert a portable bitmap to a Microdesign .mda
resize : set environment and terminal settings to current xterm window size
pilfile.py :
...

database

mysqlimport : a data import program
mysqld_safe : MySQL server startup script
myisam_ftdump : display full-text index information
pdb3.3 : the Python debugger
sha1sum : compute and check SHA1 message digest
loadunimap : load the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table
...

X

gnome-terminal : is a terminal emulation application.
xfreerdp : FreeRDP X11 client
gksudo : GTK+ frontend for su and sudo
xload : system load average display for X
passwd : change user password
start-stop-daemon : start and stop system daemon programs
...

package management

dh_auto_test : automatically runs a package’s test suites
loadunimap : load the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table
dpkg-shlibdeps : generate shared library substvar dependencies
dh_auto_build : automatically builds a package
dpkg-architecture : set and determine the architecture for package building
dh_installcron : install cron scripts into etc/cron.*
...

printer

ghostscript : Ghostscript (PostScript and PDF language interpreter and previewer)
ppdc : cups ppd compiler
pdb3.3 : the Python debugger
start-stop-daemon : start and stop system daemon programs
gnome-session : Start the GNOME desktop environment
foomatic-ppd-to-xml :
...

text manipulation

loadunimap : load the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table
awk : pattern scanning and processing language
dvdrip : GUI for copying DVDs
sha1sum : compute and check SHA1 message digest
nohup : run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
nl : number lines of files
...

privacy

passwd : change user password
nohup : run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
tor-resolve : resolve a hostname to an IP address via tor
ping : 6 send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
cweave : translate CWEB to C and/or TeX
ssh-add : adds private key identities to the authentication agent
...

sound manipulation

audacity : Graphical cross-platform audio editor
gst-launch-1.0 : build and run a GStreamer pipeline
ping : 6 send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
cweave : translate CWEB to C and/or TeX
jack_samplerate : JACK toolkit client to print current samplerate
airtun-ng : a virtual tunnel interface creator for aircrack-ng
...

Access Control List

su : change user ID or become superuser
pdb3.3 : the Python debugger
spd-conf : A simple tool for basic configuration of Speech Dispatcher and problem diagnostics
groupadd : create a new group
ping : 6 send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
iconv : Convert encoding of given files from one encoding to another
...

file compression

pdb3.3 : the Python debugger
scp-dbus-service :
file-roller : archive manager for GNOME
lzcat : Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files
airtun-ng : a virtual tunnel interface creator for aircrack-ng
nohup : run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
...

boot settings

airtun-ng : a virtual tunnel interface creator for aircrack-ng
loadunimap : load the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table
lame : create mp3 audio files
sha1sum : compute and check SHA1 message digest
gst-launch-1.0 : build and run a GStreamer pipeline
tcmp3cut :
...

text editor

find : search for files in a directory hierarchy
spd-conf : A simple tool for basic configuration of Speech Dispatcher and problem diagnostics
nohup : run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
pgrep : , pkill look up or signal processes based on name and other attributes
passwd : change user password
start-stop-daemon : start and stop system daemon programs
...

webserver

a2ensite : enable or disable an apache2 site / virtual host
ping : 6 send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
start-stop-daemon : start and stop system daemon programs
dh_installppp : install ppp ip-up and ip-down files
spd-conf : A simple tool for basic configuration of Speech Dispatcher and problem diagnostics
gst-launch-1.0 : build and run a GStreamer pipeline
...

font

sha1sum : compute and check SHA1 message digest
nohup : run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
lame : create mp3 audio files
start-stop-daemon : start and stop system daemon programs
iwlist : Get more detailed wireless information from a wireless interface
spd-conf : A simple tool for basic configuration of Speech Dispatcher and problem diagnostics
...

mail

thunderbird : Mail User Agent (MUA) and newsgroup/RSS client for X11 derived from the Mozilla suite.
update-grub : stub for grub-mkconfig
pdb3.3 : the Python debugger
sha1sum : compute and check SHA1 message digest
logrotate : rotates, compresses, and mails system logs
lame : create mp3 audio files
...

Media Player

lame : create mp3 audio files
start-stop-daemon : start and stop system daemon programs
amarok : The audio player for KDE
gst-xmllaunch-0.10 : build and run a GStreamer pipeline from an XML serialization
sha1sum : compute and check SHA1 message digest
nohup : run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
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virtualization

lame : create mp3 audio files
loadunimap : load the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table
sha1sum : compute and check SHA1 message digest
innochecksum : offline InnoDB file checksum utility
ping : 6 send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
start-stop-daemon : start and stop system daemon programs
...

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