network

netcat : NC(1) BSD General Commands Manual NC(1) nc — arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens
ping : 6 send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
nmcli : – commandline tool for controlling NetworkManager
telnet : user interface to the TELNET protocol
sftp : secure file transfer program
openssl : OpenSSL command line tool
...

shell

gnome-terminal : is a terminal emulation application.
busybox : The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux
usermod : modify a user account
which : locate a command
fusermount : mount and unmount FUSE filesystems
watch : execute a program periodically, showing output fullscreen
...

filesystem

resize2fs : ext2/ext3/ext4 file system resizer
fsck : check and repair a Linux filesystem
chown : change file owner and group
passwd : change user password
hdparm : get/set SATA/IDE device parameters
mkfs.ext3 : create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
...

programming

strace : trace system calls and signals
MAKEDEV : create devices
busybox : The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux
startpar : start runlevel scripts in parallel
javaws : a Java Web Start client
iconv : Convert encoding of given files from one encoding to another
...

file

passwd : change user password
su : change user ID or become superuser
mkfs.ext2 : create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
egrep : , fgrep, rgrep print lines matching a pattern
hexdump : , hd ASCII, decimal, hexadecimal, octal dump
loadunimap : load the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table
...

graphic manipulation

gimp : an image manipulation and paint program.
start-stop-daemon : start and stop system daemon programs
animate : animates an image or image sequence on any X server.
pamstretch-gen : use pamstretch and pnmscale to scale by non-integer values
tiff2rgba : convert a TIFF image to RGBA color space
sha1sum : compute and check SHA1 message digest
...

database

mysqlimport : a data import program
mysqld_safe : MySQL server startup script
update-grub : stub for grub-mkconfig
time : run programs and summarize system resource usage
avconv : avconv video converter
getconf : Query system configuration variables
...

X

gnome-terminal : is a terminal emulation application.
xfreerdp : FreeRDP X11 client
xlsclients : list client applications running on a display
lame : create mp3 audio files
loadunimap : load the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table
pnmmargin : add a border to a portable anymap
...

package management

dpkg-reconfigure : reconfigure an already installed package
apt-config : APT Configuration Query program
passwd : change user password
cweave : translate CWEB to C and/or TeX
python2.7 : an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language
dh_installdeb : install files into the DEBIAN directory
...

printer

ppdc : cups ppd compiler
ghostscript : Ghostscript (PostScript and PDF language interpreter and previewer)
passwd : change user password
lpadmin : configure cups printers and classes
cups-calibrate : ESP CUPS Printer Calibration Tool
smbspool : send a print file to an SMB printer
...

text manipulation

loadunimap : load the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table
awk : pattern scanning and processing language
dvdrip : GUI for copying DVDs
sha1sum : compute and check SHA1 message digest
nohup : run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
nl : number lines of files
...

privacy

passwd : change user password
nohup : run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
tor-resolve : resolve a hostname to an IP address via tor
ping : 6 send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
cweave : translate CWEB to C and/or TeX
ssh-add : adds private key identities to the authentication agent
...

sound manipulation

gst-launch-1.0 : build and run a GStreamer pipeline
audacity : Graphical cross-platform audio editor
start-stop-daemon : start and stop system daemon programs
ogmsplit : Split OGG/OGM files into several smaller OGG/OGM files
sndfile-metadata-set : set metadata in a sound file
spd-conf : A simple tool for basic configuration of Speech Dispatcher and problem diagnostics
...

Access Control List

su : change user ID or become superuser
pdb3.3 : the Python debugger
spd-conf : A simple tool for basic configuration of Speech Dispatcher and problem diagnostics
groupadd : create a new group
ping : 6 send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
iconv : Convert encoding of given files from one encoding to another
...

file compression

update-grub : stub for grub-mkconfig
7zr : A file archiver with highest compression ratio
iconv : Convert encoding of given files from one encoding to another
ogmdemux : Extract streams from OGG/OGM files into separate files
znew : recompress .Z files to .gz files
passwd : change user password
...

boot settings

airtun-ng : a virtual tunnel interface creator for aircrack-ng
loadunimap : load the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table
lame : create mp3 audio files
sha1sum : compute and check SHA1 message digest
gst-launch-1.0 : build and run a GStreamer pipeline
tcmp3cut :
...

text editor

pdb3.3 : the Python debugger
cweave : translate CWEB to C and/or TeX
cpp : The C Preprocessor
kerneloops : program to collect and submit kernel oopses to kerneloops.org
update-grub : stub for grub-mkconfig
gedit : text editor for the GNOME Desktop
...

webserver

a2ensite : enable or disable an apache2 site / virtual host
ping : 6 send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
start-stop-daemon : start and stop system daemon programs
dh_installppp : install ppp ip-up and ip-down files
spd-conf : A simple tool for basic configuration of Speech Dispatcher and problem diagnostics
gst-launch-1.0 : build and run a GStreamer pipeline
...

font

sha1sum : compute and check SHA1 message digest
nohup : run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
lame : create mp3 audio files
start-stop-daemon : start and stop system daemon programs
iwlist : Get more detailed wireless information from a wireless interface
spd-conf : A simple tool for basic configuration of Speech Dispatcher and problem diagnostics
...

mail

thunderbird : Mail User Agent (MUA) and newsgroup/RSS client for X11 derived from the Mozilla suite.
update-grub : stub for grub-mkconfig
pdb3.3 : the Python debugger
sha1sum : compute and check SHA1 message digest
logrotate : rotates, compresses, and mails system logs
lame : create mp3 audio files
...

Media Player

nohup : run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
ping : 6 send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
subtitle2pgm :
svlc : , nvlc, rvlc, cvlc the VLC media player
spd-conf : A simple tool for basic configuration of Speech Dispatcher and problem diagnostics
update-grub : stub for grub-mkconfig
...

virtualization

airtun-ng : a virtual tunnel interface creator for aircrack-ng
update-grub : stub for grub-mkconfig
pdb3.3 : the Python debugger
iconv : Convert encoding of given files from one encoding to another
busybox : The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux
lame : create mp3 audio files
...

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