df [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Step 2
Use some combination of the commands and options:
du --max-depth=1 2> /dev/null | sort -n -r | head -n20
to view only the largest few. If you'd like to use it a lot, then bind it to an alias, e.g. in bash by adding to ~/.bashrc
alias largest='du --max-depth=1 2> /dev/null | sort -n -r | head -n20'
My df takes a -m flag:
$ df -m
Filesystem 1M-blocks Used Available Capacity Mounted on
/dev/disk0s2 380516 311007 69258 82% /
devfs 0 0 0 100% /dev
map -hosts 0 0 0 100% /net
map auto_home 0 0 0 100% /home
/dev/disk0s3 96094 42464 53630 45% /Volumes/BOOTCAMP
You can also use df -h to get 'human-readable'
values:
$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
/dev/disk0s2 372Gi 304Gi 68Gi 82% /
devfs 124Ki 124Ki 0Bi 100% /dev
map -hosts 0Bi 0Bi 0Bi 100% /net
map auto_home 0Bi 0Bi 0Bi 100% /home
/dev/disk0s3 94Gi 41Gi 52Gi 45% /Volumes/BOOTCAMP
You can also set the environment variable BLOCKSIZE
to 1M, and save that in your .profile
to make it the default.
$ BLOCKSIZE=1M df
Filesystem 1M-blocks Used Available Capacity Mounted on
/dev/disk0s2 380516 311008 69257 82% /
devfs 0 0 0 100% /dev
map -hosts 0 0 0 100% /net
map auto_home 0 0 0 100% /home
/dev/disk0s3 96094 42464 53630 45% /Volumes/BOOTCAMP
The output of df -h ("human-readable sizes") might
be a little clearer than plain df.
In fact, it would probably show that the size of /
is only about 13 GB – I'm guessing you created a second ~190 GB
partition for /home but forgot to actually have it
mounted, so all files are being stored on the first
(/) partition.
You can use lsblk or partitioning tools such as
parted/gparted to list all existing
partitions and their sizes.
Check if the partition for /home is listed by
lsblk or in your /etc/fstab, then try
to mount it. But for now, mount it somewhere else than
/home, though – for example, /mnt – to
make transferring the files easier.
Your update shows a large partition at /dev/sda1.
You can mount it temporarily on /mnt:
# mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
If the command succeeds, it will return quietly. If it complains
about "unknown fstype", it might be that the partition does not
have any file system yet – mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1 would
format it as ext4, the most common one.
To move your files over, log out from your account, then log in
as root, and use rsync -avP /home/ /mnt/
to transfer data. Afterwards, delete it from old
/home manually.
To make the partition permanenly mounted on /home,
add the following to fstab:
/dev/sda1 /home ext4 rw,relatime,acl 0 2
Having / and /home separate makes it
much easier to reinstall Linux (e.g. if you ever want to switch
distributions). But if you want to merge them, you can do that
with gparted – however, only from a live CD, not
from the same system.
Inside GParted, simply delete the large empty partition, and resize the existing 13 GB one. Be aware that you might need to reinstall your bootloader (GRUB or whatever) after doing so.
This is most likely due to reserved space for the super-user on an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem, plus a small rounding error when converting blocks to gigabyte sizes. See this similar discussion.
Linux by default reserves 5% of each partition for the root user. 5% of 71G = 3.55G; 2.0G + 3.55G = 5.55G; 65G + 5.55G = 70.55G which rounds up to 71G.
You can use df to find out the disk space
information and use blkid -o list to obtain
information about the disk labels and UUIDs.
# blkid -o list
device fs_type label mount point UUID
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/dev/sda1 ext4 / 2ea411b8-f6eb-456b-9ac8-efc1f264bee4
/dev/sda5 swap <swap> e5732469-d123-4f24-948b-ab356576c140
You have to be root to see the label and
UUID values.
While not the easiest to parse, and not recommended for scripting
purposes, fdisk -l /dev/sdX should give you the
information you're looking for.
This manual page documents the GNU version of df. df displays the amount of disk space available on the file system containing each file name argument. If no file name is given, the space available on all currently mounted file systems is shown. Disk space is shown in 1K blocks by default, unless the environment variable POSIXLY_CORRECT is set, in which case 512-byte blocks are used.
If an argument is the absolute file name of a disk device node containing a mounted file system, df shows the space available on that file system rather than on the file system containing the device node (which is always the root file system). This version of df cannot show the space available on unmounted file systems, because on most kinds of systems doing so requires very nonportable intimate knowledge of file system structures.
Show information about the file system on which each FILE resides, or all file systems by default.
Mandatory
arguments to long options are mandatory for short options
too.
-a, --all
include dummy file systems
-B, --block-size=SIZE
scale sizes by SIZE before printing them. E.g., ’-BM’ prints sizes in units of 1,048,576 bytes. See SIZE format below.
--total
produce a grand total
-h, --human-readable
print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
-H, --si
likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
-i, --inodes
list inode information instead of block usage
-l, --local
limit listing to local file systems
--no-sync
do not invoke sync before getting usage info (default)
-P, --portability
use the POSIX output format
-t, --type=TYPE
limit listing to file systems of type TYPE
-T, --print-type
print file system type
-x, --exclude-type=TYPE
limit listing to file systems not of type TYPE
--version
output version information and exit
Display values are in units of the first available SIZE from --block-size, and the DF_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE environment variables. Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes (or 512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set).
SIZE is an integer and optional unit (example: 10M is 10*1024*1024). Units are K, M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y (powers of 1024) or KB, MB, ... (powers of 1000).
Copyright © 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+:
GNU GPL version 3 or later
<http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute
it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Report df bugs to bug-coreutils[:at:]gnu[:dot:]org
GNU coreutils home page:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
General help using GNU software:
<http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>
Report df translation bugs to
<http://translationproject.org/team/>
The full documentation for df is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info and df programs are properly installed at your site, the command
info coreutils 'df invocation'
should give you access to the complete manual.
Written by Torbjorn Granlund, David MacKenzie, and Paul Eggert.